Self-Relevant Disgust and Self-Harm Urges in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder and Depression: A Pilot Study with a Newly Designed Psychological Challenge

Self-Relevant Disgust and Self-Harm Urges in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder and Depression: A Pilot Study with a Newly Designed Psychological Challenge

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Sawsan Abdul-Hamid, Chess Denman, Robert B. Dudas Published: June 23, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099696 Abstract Background Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common psychiatric condition associated with self-harm. Self-harm is poorly understood and there is currently no treatment for acute presentations with self-harm urges. Objectives By using a new task (Self-relevant Task; SRT), to explore emotions related to one’s own person (PERSON task) and body (BODY task), to study the correlations of these emotions, specifically disgust, with…

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Cool and Hot Executive Function Impairments in Violent Offenders with Antisocial Personality Disorder with and without Psychopathy

Cool and Hot Executive Function Impairments in Violent Offenders with Antisocial Personality Disorder with and without Psychopathy

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Stephane A. De Brito , Essi Viding, Veena Kumari, Nigel Blackwood, Sheilagh Hodgins Published: June 20, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065566 Abstract Background Impairments in executive function characterize offenders with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and offenders with psychopathy. However, the extent to which those impairments are associated with ASPD, psychopathy, or both is unknown. Methods The present study examined 17 violent offenders with ASPD and psychopathy (ASPD+P), 28 violent offenders with ASPD without psychopathy (ASPD−P), and 21 healthy…

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Evidence for arrogance: On the relative importance of expertise, outcome, and manner

Evidence for arrogance: On the relative importance of expertise, outcome, and manner

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Maxim Milyavsky , Arie W. Kruglanski, Marina Chernikova, Noa Schori-Eyal   Published: July 6, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180420 Abstract Arrogant behavior is as old as human nature. Nonetheless, the factors that cause people to be perceived as arrogant have received very little research attention. In this paper, we focused on a typical manifestation of arrogance: dismissive behavior. In particular, we explored the conditions under which a person who dismissed advice would be perceived as arrogant. We examined…

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The links between neuroinflammation, brain structure and depressive disorder: A cross-sectional study protocol

The links between neuroinflammation, brain structure and depressive disorder: A cross-sectional study protocol

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Open Access Study Protocol Egle Milasauskiene , Julius Burkauskas, Simonas Jesmanas, Rymante Gleizniene, Vilmante Borutaite, Kristina Skemiene, Paulina Vaitkiene, Virginija Adomaitiene, Saulius Lukosevicius, Brigita Gradauskiene, Guy Brown, Vesta Steibliene Published: November 20, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311218 Abstract Introduction It is known that symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) are associated with neurodegeneration, that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce symptoms of MDD, and that blood LPS levels are elevated in neurodegeneration. However, it is not known whether blood LPS and cytokine levels correlate with…

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Inverted Social Reward: Associations between Psychopathic Traits and Self-Report and Experimental Measures of Social Reward

Inverted Social Reward: Associations between Psychopathic Traits and Self-Report and Experimental Measures of Social Reward

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Lucy Foulkes , Eamon J. McCrory, Craig S. Neumann, Essi Viding Published: August 27, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106000 Abstract Individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits tend to undervalue long-term, affiliative relationships, but it remains unclear what motivates them to engage in social interactions at all. Their experience of social reward may provide an important clue. In Study 1 of this paper, a large sample of participants (N = 505) completed a measure of psychopathic traits (Self-Report Psychopathy Scale…

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Structure of resilience: A Machiavellian contribution or ‘paddle your own canoe’

Structure of resilience: A Machiavellian contribution or ‘paddle your own canoe’

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Aleksandra Zlatkovic, Vesna Gojkovic, Jelena Dostanic , Veljko Djuric Published: April 29, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302257 Abstract According to biobehavioral synchronicity model, empathy—a fundamental requirement for reciprocal and prosocial behavior—is at the core of rebound from stress, an essential feature of resilience. However, there are also reports on antagonistic traits—characterized by empathic deficit—bolstering immunity to stress. In the literature there is also inconclusive evidence regarding gender-related differences in resilience. In separate female and male subsamples we analyzed…

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Fear Conditioning Induced by Interpersonal Conflicts in Healthy Individuals

Fear Conditioning Induced by Interpersonal Conflicts in Healthy Individuals

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Mitsuhiro Tada, Hiroyuki Uchida, Takaki Maeda, Mika Konishi, Satoshi Umeda, Yuri Terasawa, Shinichiro Nakajima, Masaru Mimura, Tomoyuki Miyazaki, Takuya Takahashi Published: May 15, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125729 Abstract Psychophysiological markers have been focused to investigate the psychopathology of psychiatric disorders and personality subtypes. In order to understand neurobiological mechanisms underlying these conditions, fear-conditioning model has been widely used. However, simple aversive stimuli are too simplistic to understand mechanisms because most patients with psychiatric disorders are affected by…

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Oneself is more important: Exploring the role of narcissism and fear of negative evaluation in the relationship between subjective social class and dishonesty

Oneself is more important: Exploring the role of narcissism and fear of negative evaluation in the relationship between subjective social class and dishonesty

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Song Wu, Jingyuan Liang, Jing Lin, Wei Cai Published: June 7, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218076 Abstract Previous studies have found that high social class individuals are more dishonest than low social class ones. However, the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon is still unclear. The “ignoring negative consequences” hypothesis suggests that belonging to a high social class makes individuals ignore the negative consequences of dishonesty, whereas the “self-focused” hypothesis suggests that belonging to a high social class makes…

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Belief in conspiracy theories: The predictive role of schizotypy, Machiavellianism, and primary psychopathy

Belief in conspiracy theories: The predictive role of schizotypy, Machiavellianism, and primary psychopathy

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Evita March , Jordan Springer   Published: December 3, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225964 Abstract A conspiracy theory refers to an alternative explanation of an event involving a conspirator plot organised by powerful people or organisations. Belief in conspiracy theories is related to negative societal outcomes such as poor medical decisions and a decrease in prosocial behaviour. Given these negative outcomes, researchers have explored predictors of belief in conspiracy theories in an attempt to understand and possibly manage…

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Counterfactual Reasoning Deficits in Schizophrenia Patients

Counterfactual Reasoning Deficits in Schizophrenia Patients

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Fernando Contreras , Auria Albacete , Pere Castellví, Agnès Caño, Bessy Benejam, José Manuel Menchón Published: February 1, 2016 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148440 Abstract Background Counterfactual thinking is a specific type of conditional reasoning that enables the generation of mental simulations of alternatives to past factual events. Although it has been broadly studied in the general population, research on schizophrenia is still scarce. The aim of the current study was to further examine counterfactual reasoning in this illness….

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