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Category: Personality Disorder

An Exploration of the Serotonin System in Antisocial Boys with High Levels of Callous-Unemotional Traits

An Exploration of the Serotonin System in Antisocial Boys with High Levels of Callous-Unemotional Traits

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Caroline Moul , Carol Dobson-Stone, John Brennan, David Hawes, Mark Dadds Published: February 15, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056619 Abstract Background The serotonin system is thought to play a role in the aetiology of antisocial and aggressive behaviour in both adults and children however previous findings have been inconsistent. Recently, research has suggested that the function of the serotonin system may be specifically altered in a sub-set of antisocial populations – those with psychopathic (callous-unemotional) personality traits. We…

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Psychopathy, psychological distress, and treatment history among perpetrators of intimate partner femicide, homicide, and other violent crimes in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Psychopathy, psychological distress, and treatment history among perpetrators of intimate partner femicide, homicide, and other violent crimes in Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Martín Hernán Di Marco , Gergő Baranyi, Dabney P. Evans Published: July 24, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000064 Abstract Intimate partner femicide—the killing of women based on their gender by their former or current partners—is a global long-standing manifestation of violence against women. Despite the enactment of femicide-specific laws in Latin America, femicide rates have remained relatively constant throughout the last decade. Often perpetrators are pathologized as suffering from mental illness, yet the data on their mental health…

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Changes in coercive parenting and child externalizing behavior across COVID-19 and the moderating role of parent-child attachment relationship quality

Changes in coercive parenting and child externalizing behavior across COVID-19 and the moderating role of parent-child attachment relationship quality

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Sara I. Hogye , Nicole Lucassen, Katrien O. W. Helmerhorst, Paula Vrolijk, Renske Keizer Published: October 12, 2023 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290089   Abstract Research indicates increases in coercive parenting towards children and increases in child externalizing behavior during COVID-19 as compared to the pre-pandemic period. In this preregistered study, we extended previous knowledge by investigating to what extent, and under what conditions, changes in coercive parenting and child externalizing behavior are interrelated. Ninety-five mothers and fathers of…

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How does the public understand the causes of mental disorders? An analysis of Irish news media before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

How does the public understand the causes of mental disorders? An analysis of Irish news media before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Leigh Huggard , Cliódhna O’Connor Published: April 6, 2023 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284095 Abstract Public perceptions of the determinants of mental illness have important implications for attitudes and stigma, but minimal previous research has explored how causal attributions are spontaneously invoked in everyday public discourse. This study investigated how causal explanations for mental illness are disseminated in popular Irish news media, in the two years before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Keyword searches of a…

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Default Network Deactivations Are Correlated with Psychopathic Personality Traits

Default Network Deactivations Are Correlated with Psychopathic Personality Traits

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Tong Sheng , Anahita Gheytanchi, Lisa Aziz-Zadeh Published: September 7, 2010 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012611 Abstract Background The posteromedial cortex (PMC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are part of a network of brain regions that has been found to exhibit decreased activity during goal-oriented tasks. This network is thought to support a baseline of brain activity, and is commonly referred to as the “default network”. Although recent reports suggest that the PMC and mPFC are associated with affective,…

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Effect of negative valence on assessment of self-relevance in female patients with borderline personality disorder

Effect of negative valence on assessment of self-relevance in female patients with borderline personality disorder

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Pegah Sarkheil , Niko Goik, Camellia N. Ibrahim, Frank Schneider Published: January 10, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209989 Abstract Background A disturbed self-image is central to the characteristic symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Evaluations of self-relevance (SR) are highly important in cognitive and emotional processing of information and adaptive behavior. Method In the current study, we used affective statements to investigate if SR is altered in patients with higher scores on Borderline Symptom List (BSL-95). Forthyfemale adults…

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Avoid jumping to conclusions under uncertainty in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Avoid jumping to conclusions under uncertainty in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Sharon Morein-Zamir , Sonia Shapher, Julia Gasull-Camos, Naomi A. Fineberg, Trevor W. Robbins Published: January 15, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225970 Abstract High levels of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) could contribute to abnormal decision making in uncertain situations. Patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) often report high IU, indecisiveness and the need to seek greater certainty before making decisions. The Beads task is a commonly used task assessing the degree of information gathering prior to making a decision and so…

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Validation of the inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits among school-going adolescents in Malaysia

Validation of the inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits among school-going adolescents in Malaysia

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Aref Ezrin Mohamad Khalil, Hue San Kuay , Maruzairi Husain , Yee Cheng Kueh Published: February 16, 2023 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276724   Abstract A key component in the study of antisocial behaviour among adolescents is the presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Among the established tools available to measure CU traits is the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional traits (ICU). To date, there is no validated questionnaire to assess CU traits for the local population. Therefore, there is a need to validate…

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Manipulating the odds: The effects of Machiavellianism and construal level on cheating behavior

Manipulating the odds: The effects of Machiavellianism and construal level on cheating behavior

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Mariela E. Jaffé , Rainer Greifeneder, Marc-André Reinhard Published: November 14, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224526 Abstract Values, beliefs, and traits differ across individuals, and these concepts might impact whether individuals choose to engage in (dis)honest behavior. This project focuses on interindividual differences in Machiavellianism, which is defined as a tendency toward cynicism and manipulativeness, and the belief that the ends justify the means. We hypothesized that trait Machiavellianism would predict dishonest behavior. Furthermore, we speculated that some…

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Understanding empathy deficits and emotion dysregulation in psychopathy: The mediating role of alexithymia

Understanding empathy deficits and emotion dysregulation in psychopathy: The mediating role of alexithymia

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Matthias Burghart , Alexander H. J. Sahm, Sergej Schmidt, Jan Bulla, Daniela Mier Published: May 8, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301085 Abstract Psychopathy is a severe personality disorder marked by a wide range of emotional deficits, including a lack of empathy, emotion dysregulation, and alexithymia. Previous research has largely examined these emotional impairments in isolation, ignoring their influence on each other. Thus, we examined the concurrent interrelationship between emotional impairments in psychopathy, with a particular focus on the…

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