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Month: March 2025

Narcissism as a Moderator of Satisfaction with Body Image in Young Women with Extreme Underweight and Obesity

Narcissism as a Moderator of Satisfaction with Body Image in Young Women with Extreme Underweight and Obesity

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Małgorzata Lipowska , Mariusz Lipowski Published: May 11, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126724 Abstract Objective Body weight and age constitute main determinants of body image in women. We analyzed the role of narcissism as a moderator of body image in young women representing various extremes of body weight. Methods The study included 325 women between 18 and 35 years, qualified into three BMI categories: obese women (BMI > 30.0, n = 72), severely underweight women who did not…

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RISK aversion in Italian forensic and non-forensic patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

RISK aversion in Italian forensic and non-forensic patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Nicola Canessa, Laura Iozzino , onia Andreose, Luca Castelletti, Giovanni Conte, Alexander Dvorak, Clarissa Ferrari, Janusz Heitzman, Ambra Macis, Inga Markiewicz, Giulia Mattavelli, Giuseppe Nicolò, Marco Picchioni, Giuseppe Restuccia, Gianfranco Rivellini, Fabio Teti, Giovanni de Girolamo Published: July 31, 2023  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289152   Abstract Background Goal-directed decision-making is a central component of the broader reward and motivation system, and requires the ability to dynamically integrate both positive and negative feedback from the environment in order to…

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To troll or not to troll: Young adults’ anti-social behaviour on social media

To troll or not to troll: Young adults’ anti-social behaviour on social media

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Felipe Bonow Soares , Anatoliy Gruzd, Jenna Jacobson, Jaigris Hodson Published: May 24, 2023 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284374 Abstract Background Online anti-social behaviour is on the rise, reducing the perceived benefits of social media in society and causing a number of negative outcomes. This research focuses on the factors associated with young adults being perpetrators of anti-social behaviour when using social media. Method Based on an online survey of university students in Canada (n = 359), we used…

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Personality Disorder and Changes in Affect Consciousness: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study of Patients with Avoidant and Borderline Personality Disorder

Personality Disorder and Changes in Affect Consciousness: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study of Patients with Avoidant and Borderline Personality Disorder

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Eivind Normann-Eide , Merete Selsbakk Johansen , Tone Normann-Eide , Jens Egeland , Theresa Wilberg Published: December 23, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145625 Abstract Personality disorders (PDs) are highly prevalent in patients receiving psychiatric services, and are associated with significant personal and social costs. Over the past two decades, an increasing number of treatment studies have documented the effectiveness of treatment for patients with PDs, especially when it comes to reduction of symptom distress, risk taking behavior, self-harm,…

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Symptom severity and mindreading in narcissistic personality disorder

Symptom severity and mindreading in narcissistic personality disorder

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Elena Bilotta, Antonino Carcione, Teresa Fera, Fabio Moroni, Giuseppe Nicolò, Roberto Pedone, Giovanni Pellecchia, Antonio Semerari, Livia Colle Published: August 15, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201216 Abstract Background Grandiose narcissism has been associated with poor ability to understand one’s own mental states and the mental states of others. In particular, two manifestations of Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) can be explained by poor mindreading abilities: absence of symptomatic subjective distress and lack of empathy. Methods We conducted two studies…

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Impact of Psychopathy on Moral Judgments about Causing Fear and Physical Harm

Impact of Psychopathy on Moral Judgments about Causing Fear and Physical Harm

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Elise M. Cardinale, Abigail A. Marsh Published: May 20, 2015  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125708 Abstract Psychopathy is a personality variable associated with persistent immoral behaviors. Despite this, attempts to link moral reasoning deficits to psychopathic traits have yielded mixed results with many findings supporting intact moral reasoning in individuals with psychopathic traits. Abundant evidence shows that psychopathy impairs responses to others’ emotional distress. However, most studies of morality and psychopathy focus on judgments about causing others physical harm….

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Morality, self-control, age, type of offence and sentence length as predictors of psychopathy amongst female incarcerated offenders in South Africa

Morality, self-control, age, type of offence and sentence length as predictors of psychopathy amongst female incarcerated offenders in South Africa

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Judite Danielle de Oliveira, Jacques Jordaan , Matthew Cronjé Published: March 28, 2024  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299847 Abstract There has been an increase in female incarcerated offenders nationally and internationally. Despite this trend, literature and research on female offenders remain limited compared to their male counterparts. Evidence of the relationship between certain personality disorders and offending behaviour has led numerous countries to prioritise identifying and assessing personality disorders among the offender population. Psychopathic personality traits may contribute to…

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Pain Sensitivity in Adolescent Males with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Testing for Associations with Conduct Disorder and Callous and Unemotional Traits

Pain Sensitivity in Adolescent Males with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Testing for Associations with Conduct Disorder and Callous and Unemotional Traits

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Open Access  Peer-reviewed Research Article Clare Northover, Anita Thapar, Kate Langley, Stephanie HM van Goozen Published: July 30, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134417 Abstract Background Reduced processing and experience of aversive emotional cues is a common component of theories on the development and persistence of aggression and antisocial behaviour. Yet physical pain, arguably the most basic aversive cue, has attracted comparatively little attention. Methods This study measured pain sensitivity and physiological response to painful stimuli (skin conductance level, SCL) in adolescent boys with…

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The Neuropsychology of Starvation: Set-Shifting and Central Coherence in a Fasted Nonclinical Sample

The Neuropsychology of Starvation: Set-Shifting and Central Coherence in a Fasted Nonclinical Sample

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Sarah Pender, Sam J. Gilbert, Lucy Serpell x Published: October 22, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110743 Abstract Objectives Recent research suggests certain neuropsychological deficits occur in anorexia nervosa (AN). The role of starvation in these deficits remains unclear. Studies of individuals without AN can elucidate our understanding of the effect of short-term starvation on neuropsychological performance. Methods Using a within-subjects repeated measures design, 60 healthy female participants were tested once after fasting for 18 hours, and once when…

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The Role of Intelligence in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Does it Vary by Trauma Severity?

The Role of Intelligence in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Does it Vary by Trauma Severity?

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Naomi Breslau , Qiaoling Chen, Zhehui Luo Published: June 10, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065391 Abstract Background Only a small minority of trauma victims develops post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suggesting that victims vary in their predispositions to the PTSD response to stressors. It is assumed that the role of predispositions in PTSD varies by trauma severity: when stressors are less severe, predispositions play a bigger role. In this study, we test whether the role of intelligence in PTSD…

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