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Category: Personality Disorder

Default Network Deactivations Are Correlated with Psychopathic Personality Traits

Default Network Deactivations Are Correlated with Psychopathic Personality Traits

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Tong Sheng , Anahita Gheytanchi, Lisa Aziz-Zadeh Published: September 7, 2010 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012611 Abstract Background The posteromedial cortex (PMC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are part of a network of brain regions that has been found to exhibit decreased activity during goal-oriented tasks. This network is thought to support a baseline of brain activity, and is commonly referred to as the “default network”. Although recent reports suggest that the PMC and mPFC are associated with affective,…

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Effect of negative valence on assessment of self-relevance in female patients with borderline personality disorder

Effect of negative valence on assessment of self-relevance in female patients with borderline personality disorder

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Pegah Sarkheil , Niko Goik, Camellia N. Ibrahim, Frank Schneider Published: January 10, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209989 Abstract Background A disturbed self-image is central to the characteristic symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Evaluations of self-relevance (SR) are highly important in cognitive and emotional processing of information and adaptive behavior. Method In the current study, we used affective statements to investigate if SR is altered in patients with higher scores on Borderline Symptom List (BSL-95). Forthyfemale adults…

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Avoid jumping to conclusions under uncertainty in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Avoid jumping to conclusions under uncertainty in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Sharon Morein-Zamir , Sonia Shapher, Julia Gasull-Camos, Naomi A. Fineberg, Trevor W. Robbins Published: January 15, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225970 Abstract High levels of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) could contribute to abnormal decision making in uncertain situations. Patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) often report high IU, indecisiveness and the need to seek greater certainty before making decisions. The Beads task is a commonly used task assessing the degree of information gathering prior to making a decision and so…

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Validation of the inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits among school-going adolescents in Malaysia

Validation of the inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits among school-going adolescents in Malaysia

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Aref Ezrin Mohamad Khalil, Hue San Kuay , Maruzairi Husain , Yee Cheng Kueh Published: February 16, 2023 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276724   Abstract A key component in the study of antisocial behaviour among adolescents is the presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Among the established tools available to measure CU traits is the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional traits (ICU). To date, there is no validated questionnaire to assess CU traits for the local population. Therefore, there is a need to validate…

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Manipulating the odds: The effects of Machiavellianism and construal level on cheating behavior

Manipulating the odds: The effects of Machiavellianism and construal level on cheating behavior

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Mariela E. Jaffé , Rainer Greifeneder, Marc-André Reinhard Published: November 14, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224526 Abstract Values, beliefs, and traits differ across individuals, and these concepts might impact whether individuals choose to engage in (dis)honest behavior. This project focuses on interindividual differences in Machiavellianism, which is defined as a tendency toward cynicism and manipulativeness, and the belief that the ends justify the means. We hypothesized that trait Machiavellianism would predict dishonest behavior. Furthermore, we speculated that some…

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Understanding empathy deficits and emotion dysregulation in psychopathy: The mediating role of alexithymia

Understanding empathy deficits and emotion dysregulation in psychopathy: The mediating role of alexithymia

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Matthias Burghart , Alexander H. J. Sahm, Sergej Schmidt, Jan Bulla, Daniela Mier Published: May 8, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301085 Abstract Psychopathy is a severe personality disorder marked by a wide range of emotional deficits, including a lack of empathy, emotion dysregulation, and alexithymia. Previous research has largely examined these emotional impairments in isolation, ignoring their influence on each other. Thus, we examined the concurrent interrelationship between emotional impairments in psychopathy, with a particular focus on the…

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Personality Traits as Risk Factors for Treatment-Resistant Depression

Personality Traits as Risk Factors for Treatment-Resistant Depression

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Michio Takahashi, Yukihiko Shirayama , Katsumasa Muneoka, Masatoshi Suzuki, Koichi Sato, Kenji Hashimoto Published: May 22, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063756 Abstract Background The clinical outcome of antidepressant treatment in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is thought to be associated with personality traits. A number of studies suggest that depressed patients show high harm avoidance, low self-directedness and cooperativeness, as measured on the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). However, the psychology of these patients is not well…

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White Matter Microstructure Alterations: A Study of Alcoholics with and without Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

White Matter Microstructure Alterations: A Study of Alcoholics with and without Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Caitlin A. Durkee, Joelle E. Sarlls, Daniel W. Hommer, Reza Momenan Published: November 18, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080952 Abstract Many brain imaging studies have demonstrated reductions in gray and white matter volumes in alcoholism, with fewer investigators using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to examine the integrity of white matter pathways. Among various medical conditions, alcoholism and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are two comorbid diseases that have similar degenerative effects on the white matter integrity. Therefore, understanding and…

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What makes a violent mind? The interplay of parental rearing, dark triad personality traits and propensity for violence in a sample of German adolescents

What makes a violent mind? The interplay of parental rearing, dark triad personality traits and propensity for violence in a sample of German adolescents

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Alexander Yendell , Vera Clemens , Julia Schuler, Oliver Decker Published: June 22, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268992 Correction 20 Jan 2023: The PLOS ONE Staff (2023) Correction: What makes a violent mind? The interplay of parental rearing, dark triad personality traits and propensity for violence in a sample of German adolescents. PLOS ONE 18(1): e0280898. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280898 View correction Abstract Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy are socially aversive personality traits that are strongly linked to the propensity of violence….

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How does CEO narcissism affect enterprise ambidextrous technological innovation? The mediating role of corporate social responsibility

How does CEO narcissism affect enterprise ambidextrous technological innovation? The mediating role of corporate social responsibility

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Zeping Wang , Xingqiu Hu, Feifei Yu Published: January 20, 2023 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280758 Abstract In the context of a dynamic environment and increasing competition, innovation is the key for companies to gain long-term growth. And narcissism, as an important psychological factor influencing CEOs to make corporate decisions, has a significant impact on corporate innovation strategies. This study explores localized dimensions and ways of measuring narcissism among Chinese CEOs. Based on the upper echelons theory, using data…

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