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Category: Personality Disorder

Evidence for arrogance: On the relative importance of expertise, outcome, and manner

Evidence for arrogance: On the relative importance of expertise, outcome, and manner

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Maxim Milyavsky , Arie W. Kruglanski, Marina Chernikova, Noa Schori-Eyal   Published: July 6, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180420 Abstract Arrogant behavior is as old as human nature. Nonetheless, the factors that cause people to be perceived as arrogant have received very little research attention. In this paper, we focused on a typical manifestation of arrogance: dismissive behavior. In particular, we explored the conditions under which a person who dismissed advice would be perceived as arrogant. We examined…

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Inverted Social Reward: Associations between Psychopathic Traits and Self-Report and Experimental Measures of Social Reward

Inverted Social Reward: Associations between Psychopathic Traits and Self-Report and Experimental Measures of Social Reward

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Lucy Foulkes , Eamon J. McCrory, Craig S. Neumann, Essi Viding Published: August 27, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106000 Abstract Individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits tend to undervalue long-term, affiliative relationships, but it remains unclear what motivates them to engage in social interactions at all. Their experience of social reward may provide an important clue. In Study 1 of this paper, a large sample of participants (N = 505) completed a measure of psychopathic traits (Self-Report Psychopathy Scale…

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Structure of resilience: A Machiavellian contribution or ‘paddle your own canoe’

Structure of resilience: A Machiavellian contribution or ‘paddle your own canoe’

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Aleksandra Zlatkovic, Vesna Gojkovic, Jelena Dostanic , Veljko Djuric Published: April 29, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302257 Abstract According to biobehavioral synchronicity model, empathy—a fundamental requirement for reciprocal and prosocial behavior—is at the core of rebound from stress, an essential feature of resilience. However, there are also reports on antagonistic traits—characterized by empathic deficit—bolstering immunity to stress. In the literature there is also inconclusive evidence regarding gender-related differences in resilience. In separate female and male subsamples we analyzed…

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Fear Conditioning Induced by Interpersonal Conflicts in Healthy Individuals

Fear Conditioning Induced by Interpersonal Conflicts in Healthy Individuals

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Mitsuhiro Tada, Hiroyuki Uchida, Takaki Maeda, Mika Konishi, Satoshi Umeda, Yuri Terasawa, Shinichiro Nakajima, Masaru Mimura, Tomoyuki Miyazaki, Takuya Takahashi Published: May 15, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125729 Abstract Psychophysiological markers have been focused to investigate the psychopathology of psychiatric disorders and personality subtypes. In order to understand neurobiological mechanisms underlying these conditions, fear-conditioning model has been widely used. However, simple aversive stimuli are too simplistic to understand mechanisms because most patients with psychiatric disorders are affected by…

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Oneself is more important: Exploring the role of narcissism and fear of negative evaluation in the relationship between subjective social class and dishonesty

Oneself is more important: Exploring the role of narcissism and fear of negative evaluation in the relationship between subjective social class and dishonesty

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Song Wu, Jingyuan Liang, Jing Lin, Wei Cai Published: June 7, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218076 Abstract Previous studies have found that high social class individuals are more dishonest than low social class ones. However, the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon is still unclear. The “ignoring negative consequences” hypothesis suggests that belonging to a high social class makes individuals ignore the negative consequences of dishonesty, whereas the “self-focused” hypothesis suggests that belonging to a high social class makes…

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Belief in conspiracy theories: The predictive role of schizotypy, Machiavellianism, and primary psychopathy

Belief in conspiracy theories: The predictive role of schizotypy, Machiavellianism, and primary psychopathy

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Evita March , Jordan Springer   Published: December 3, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225964 Abstract A conspiracy theory refers to an alternative explanation of an event involving a conspirator plot organised by powerful people or organisations. Belief in conspiracy theories is related to negative societal outcomes such as poor medical decisions and a decrease in prosocial behaviour. Given these negative outcomes, researchers have explored predictors of belief in conspiracy theories in an attempt to understand and possibly manage…

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Externalizing personality characteristics define clinically relevant subgroups of alcohol use disorder

Externalizing personality characteristics define clinically relevant subgroups of alcohol use disorder

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Ildikó Kovács , Bernadett I. Gál , Zsolt Horváth, Ildikó Demeter, Sándor Rózsa, Zoltán Janka, Róbert Urbán, Zsolt Demetrovics, Bálint Andó Published: March 18, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265577 Abstract Aims Higher levels of externalizing characteristics, i.e. impulsivity, novelty seeking and aggression, could contribute to the development, progression and severity of alcohol use disorder (AUD). The present study aims to explore whether these externalizing characteristics together have a potential group-forming role in AUD using latent profile analysis (LPA)….

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Deliberate self-harm behavior among young violent offenders

Deliberate self-harm behavior among young violent offenders

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Natalie Laporte , Andrejs Ozolins, Sofie Westling, Åsa Westrin, Eva Billstedt, Björn Hofvander, Märta Wallinius Published: August 17, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182258 Abstract Deliberate self-harm behavior (DSH) can have profound effects on a person’s quality of life, and challenges the health care system. Even though DSH has been associated with aggressive interpersonal behaviors, the knowledge on DSH in persons exhibiting such behaviors is scarce. This study aims to (1) specify the prevalence and character of DSH, (2)…

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Anger under Control: Neural Correlates of Frustration as a Function of Trait Aggression

Anger under Control: Neural Correlates of Frustration as a Function of Trait Aggression

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Christina M. Pawliczek , Birgit Derntl, Thilo Kellermann, Ruben C. Gur, Frank Schneider, Ute Habel Published: October 18, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078503 Abstract Antisocial behavior and aggression are prominent symptoms in several psychiatric disorders including antisocial personality disorder. An established precursor to aggression is a frustrating event, which can elicit anger or exasperation, thereby prompting aggressive responses. While some studies have investigated the neural correlates of frustration and aggression, examination of their relation to trait aggression in…

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Psychopathy, pain, and pain empathy: A psychophysiological study

Psychopathy, pain, and pain empathy: A psychophysiological study

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Sophie Alshukri , Minna Lyons, Victoria Blinkhorn, Luna Muñoz , Nicholas Fallon Published: July 5, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306461 Abstract The present study examined whether people higher in psychopathy experienced less self-reported and psychophysiological nociceptive pressure than people lower in psychopathy. We also examined whether psychopathy affects empathy for others’ pain via self-reported and psychophysiological measures. Three hundred and sixty-nine students (18–78 years; M = 26, SD = 9.34) were screened for psychopathic traits using the Youth…

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