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Category: Trauma & Stress Disorders

Estimating the total prevalence of PTSD among the UK police force: Formal comment on Stevelink et al. (2020)

Estimating the total prevalence of PTSD among the UK police force: Formal comment on Stevelink et al. (2020)

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Open Access Formal Comment Chris R. Brewin , Jessica K. Miller, Brendan Burchell Published: May 20, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268621 Abstract Two recent surveys have reported widely differing prevalence rates for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) within the U.K. police force. Stevelink et al. (2020) reported a rate of 3.9% whereas a survey conducted for the charity Police Care UK reported a rate of 20.6%. In this comment we discuss how definitions and methodological factors can impact prevalence rates. We consider a number…

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Body image and appearance distress among military veterans and civilians with an injury-related visible difference: A comparison study

Body image and appearance distress among military veterans and civilians with an injury-related visible difference: A comparison study

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Mary Keeling , Diana Harcourt, Paul White, Sarah Evans, Victoria S. Williams V., James Kiff, Heidi Williamson Published: February 7, 2025 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305022 Abstract Injuries sustained during military conflict can significantly impact appearance. Yet, little is known about the psychosocial experiences of veterans with conflict-related appearance-altering injuries (AAI) and whether current civilian interventions are appropriate for this group. To inform the development of acceptable and effective support for veterans with appearance–related psychosocial difficulties, this study aimed to identify factors associated with…

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White Matter Microstructure Alterations: A Study of Alcoholics with and without Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

White Matter Microstructure Alterations: A Study of Alcoholics with and without Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Caitlin A. Durkee, Joelle E. Sarlls, Daniel W. Hommer, Reza Momenan Published: November 18, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080952 Abstract Many brain imaging studies have demonstrated reductions in gray and white matter volumes in alcoholism, with fewer investigators using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to examine the integrity of white matter pathways. Among various medical conditions, alcoholism and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are two comorbid diseases that have similar degenerative effects on the white matter integrity. Therefore, understanding and…

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Childhood physical abuse and subsequent violent victimization among people who use illegal drugs in Vancouver, Canada

Childhood physical abuse and subsequent violent victimization among people who use illegal drugs in Vancouver, Canada

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Julie Sagram , William Lee, JinCheol Choi, M.-J. Milloy , Kanna Hayashi , Kora DeBeck , Evan Wood , Thomas Kerr Published: August 12, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255875 Abstract Background Violent victimization is common among people who use illegal drugs (PWUD) and is a source of significant health-related harm. However, little attention has been paid to how antecedent childhood trauma among PWUD may contribute to the risk of victimization in adulthood. Objective This study sought to examine…

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Childhood trauma, PTSD/CPTSD and chronic pain: A systematic review

Childhood trauma, PTSD/CPTSD and chronic pain: A systematic review

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Maria Karimov-Zwienenberg , Wilfried Symphor, William Peraud, Greg Décamps Published: August 30, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309332 Abstract Background Despite the growing body of literature on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain comorbidity, studies taking into account the role of childhood exposure to traumatic and adverse events remains minimal. Additionally, it has been well established that survivors of childhood trauma may develop more complex reactions that extend beyond those observed in PTSD, typically categorized as complex trauma…

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Stable self-serving personality traits in recreational and dependent cocaine users

Stable self-serving personality traits in recreational and dependent cocaine users

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Boris B. Quednow, Lea M. Hulka, Katrin H. Preller, Markus R. Baumgartner, Christoph Eisenegger, Matthias Vonmoos Published: March 2, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172853 Abstract Chronic cocaine use has been associated with impairments in social cognition, self-serving and antisocial behavior, and socially relevant personality disorders (PD). Despite the apparent relationship between Machiavellianism and stimulant use, no study has explicitly examined this personality concept in cocaine users so far. In the frame of the longitudinal Zurich Cocaine Cognition Study,…

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Personality and psychopathological characteristics in functional movement disorders

Personality and psychopathological characteristics in functional movement disorders

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Antonina Luca, Tiziana Lo Castro, Giovanni Mostile, Giulia Donzuso, Calogero Edoardo Cicero, Alessandra Nicoletti, Mario Zappia Published: May 10, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303379 Abstract Introduction Aim of the present study was to assess personality and psychopathological characteristics in patients with functional movement disorders (FMDs) compared to patients with other neurological disorders (OND).   Methods In this cross-sectional study, patients affected by clinically established FMDs and OND who attended the Neurologic Unit of the University-Hospital “Policlinico-San Marco” of…

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Suicide and sudden violent death among young people: Two sides of the same coin?

Suicide and sudden violent death among young people: Two sides of the same coin?

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Annelie Werbart Törnblom , Andrzej Werbart , Kimmo Sorjonen , Bo Runeson Published: December 4, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0313673   Abstract The aim of the present study was to compare risk factors for death by suicide and sudden violent death (SVD) among young people aged 10–25 years. Two target samples, 63 consecutive cases of youth suicide and 62 cases of SVD, were compared on potential risk factors differentiating the two groups from 104 controls. Data on psychiatric…

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Mental disorders and criminal legal involvement: Evidence from a national diagnostic epidemiological survey

Mental disorders and criminal legal involvement: Evidence from a national diagnostic epidemiological survey

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Jeffrey W. Swanson , Madeline Stenger, Michele M. Easter, Natalie Bareis, Lydia Chwastiak, Lisa B. Dixon, Mark J. Edlund, Scott Graupensperger, Heidi Guyer, Maria  Monroe-DeVita, Mark Olfson, T. Scott Stroup, Katherine S. Winans, Marvin S. Swartz Published: April 9, 2025 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000257 Abstract Large numbers of adults with mental disorders in the United States are incarcerated or otherwise involved with the criminal legal system. Evidence is lacking on prevalence of specific psychiatric diagnoses in this population. This…

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The Role of Intelligence in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Does it Vary by Trauma Severity?

The Role of Intelligence in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Does it Vary by Trauma Severity?

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Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Naomi Breslau , Qiaoling Chen, Zhehui Luo Published: June 10, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065391 Abstract Background Only a small minority of trauma victims develops post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suggesting that victims vary in their predispositions to the PTSD response to stressors. It is assumed that the role of predispositions in PTSD varies by trauma severity: when stressors are less severe, predispositions play a bigger role. In this study, we test whether the role of intelligence in PTSD…

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