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Tag: Antisocial Personality Disorder

Differentiating Psychopathy from General Antisociality Using the P3 as a Psychophysiological Correlate of Attentional Allocation

Differentiating Psychopathy from General Antisociality Using the P3 as a Psychophysiological Correlate of Attentional Allocation

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Inti A. Brazil , Robbert Jan Verkes, Bart H. J. Brouns, Jan K. Buitelaar, Berend H. Bulten, Ellen R. A. de Bruijn Published: November 16, 2012 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050339 Abstract Recent studies have shown that while psychopathy and non-psychopathic antisociality overlap, they differ in the extent to which cognitive impairments are present. Specifically, psychopathy has been related to abnormal allocation of attention, a function that is traditionally believed to be indexed by event-related potentials (ERPs) of the…

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Knowing Where to Draw the Line: Perceptual Differences between Risk-takers and Non-Risk-Takers

Knowing Where to Draw the Line: Perceptual Differences between Risk-takers and Non-Risk-Takers

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Adam T. Biggs , Paul C. Stey, Christopher C. Davoli, Daniel Lapsley, James R. Brockmole Published: March 17, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091880 Abstract There are a variety of reasons someone might engage in risky behaviors, such as perceived invulnerability to harm or a belief that negative outcomes are more likely for others than for oneself. However, these risk-taking biases are often measured at a decision-making level or from the developmental perspective. Here we assessed whether or not…

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Exploring mentalization, trust, communication quality, and alienation in adolescents

Exploring mentalization, trust, communication quality, and alienation in adolescents

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Angela Clarke , Pamela J. Meredith , Tanya A. Rose Published: June 15, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234662 Abstract Introduction A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the importance of mentalization for adolescents’ psychosocial functioning; however, further research is needed to understand links between mentalization and other socio-cognitive factors. The aim of this quantitative, cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between a teen’s capacity to mentalize and three attachment-related factors: parent-teen trust, parent-teen communication, and parent-teen alienation….

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Psychopathic Traits and Their Relationship with the Cognitive Costs and Compulsive Nature of Lying in Offenders

Psychopathic Traits and Their Relationship with the Cognitive Costs and Compulsive Nature of Lying in Offenders

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Bruno Verschuere , Willem in ´t Hout Published: July 8, 2016 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158595 Abstract The cognitive view on deception holds that lying typically requires additional mental effort as compared to truth telling. Psychopathy, however, has been associated with swift and even compulsive lying, leading us to explore the ease and compulsive nature of lying in psychopathic offenders. We explored the costs of instructed lying versus truth telling through RTs and error rates in 52 violent male…

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Cool and Hot Executive Function Impairments in Violent Offenders with Antisocial Personality Disorder with and without Psychopathy

Cool and Hot Executive Function Impairments in Violent Offenders with Antisocial Personality Disorder with and without Psychopathy

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Stephane A. De Brito , Essi Viding, Veena Kumari, Nigel Blackwood, Sheilagh Hodgins Published: June 20, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065566 Abstract Background Impairments in executive function characterize offenders with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and offenders with psychopathy. However, the extent to which those impairments are associated with ASPD, psychopathy, or both is unknown. Methods The present study examined 17 violent offenders with ASPD and psychopathy (ASPD+P), 28 violent offenders with ASPD without psychopathy (ASPD−P), and 21 healthy…

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Inverted Social Reward: Associations between Psychopathic Traits and Self-Report and Experimental Measures of Social Reward

Inverted Social Reward: Associations between Psychopathic Traits and Self-Report and Experimental Measures of Social Reward

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Lucy Foulkes , Eamon J. McCrory, Craig S. Neumann, Essi Viding Published: August 27, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106000 Abstract Individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits tend to undervalue long-term, affiliative relationships, but it remains unclear what motivates them to engage in social interactions at all. Their experience of social reward may provide an important clue. In Study 1 of this paper, a large sample of participants (N = 505) completed a measure of psychopathic traits (Self-Report Psychopathy Scale…

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Belief in conspiracy theories: The predictive role of schizotypy, Machiavellianism, and primary psychopathy

Belief in conspiracy theories: The predictive role of schizotypy, Machiavellianism, and primary psychopathy

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Evita March , Jordan Springer   Published: December 3, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225964 Abstract A conspiracy theory refers to an alternative explanation of an event involving a conspirator plot organised by powerful people or organisations. Belief in conspiracy theories is related to negative societal outcomes such as poor medical decisions and a decrease in prosocial behaviour. Given these negative outcomes, researchers have explored predictors of belief in conspiracy theories in an attempt to understand and possibly manage…

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Deliberate self-harm behavior among young violent offenders

Deliberate self-harm behavior among young violent offenders

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Natalie Laporte , Andrejs Ozolins, Sofie Westling, Åsa Westrin, Eva Billstedt, Björn Hofvander, Märta Wallinius Published: August 17, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182258 Abstract Deliberate self-harm behavior (DSH) can have profound effects on a person’s quality of life, and challenges the health care system. Even though DSH has been associated with aggressive interpersonal behaviors, the knowledge on DSH in persons exhibiting such behaviors is scarce. This study aims to (1) specify the prevalence and character of DSH, (2)…

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Anger under Control: Neural Correlates of Frustration as a Function of Trait Aggression

Anger under Control: Neural Correlates of Frustration as a Function of Trait Aggression

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Christina M. Pawliczek , Birgit Derntl, Thilo Kellermann, Ruben C. Gur, Frank Schneider, Ute Habel Published: October 18, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078503 Abstract Antisocial behavior and aggression are prominent symptoms in several psychiatric disorders including antisocial personality disorder. An established precursor to aggression is a frustrating event, which can elicit anger or exasperation, thereby prompting aggressive responses. While some studies have investigated the neural correlates of frustration and aggression, examination of their relation to trait aggression in…

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Psychopathy, pain, and pain empathy: A psychophysiological study

Psychopathy, pain, and pain empathy: A psychophysiological study

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Sophie Alshukri , Minna Lyons, Victoria Blinkhorn, Luna Muñoz , Nicholas Fallon Published: July 5, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306461 Abstract The present study examined whether people higher in psychopathy experienced less self-reported and psychophysiological nociceptive pressure than people lower in psychopathy. We also examined whether psychopathy affects empathy for others’ pain via self-reported and psychophysiological measures. Three hundred and sixty-nine students (18–78 years; M = 26, SD = 9.34) were screened for psychopathic traits using the Youth…

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