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Tag: Psychopathic Personality Disorder

Belief in conspiracy theories: The predictive role of schizotypy, Machiavellianism, and primary psychopathy

Belief in conspiracy theories: The predictive role of schizotypy, Machiavellianism, and primary psychopathy

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Evita March , Jordan Springer   Published: December 3, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225964 Abstract A conspiracy theory refers to an alternative explanation of an event involving a conspirator plot organised by powerful people or organisations. Belief in conspiracy theories is related to negative societal outcomes such as poor medical decisions and a decrease in prosocial behaviour. Given these negative outcomes, researchers have explored predictors of belief in conspiracy theories in an attempt to understand and possibly manage…

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Deliberate self-harm behavior among young violent offenders

Deliberate self-harm behavior among young violent offenders

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Natalie Laporte , Andrejs Ozolins, Sofie Westling, Åsa Westrin, Eva Billstedt, Björn Hofvander, Märta Wallinius Published: August 17, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182258 Abstract Deliberate self-harm behavior (DSH) can have profound effects on a person’s quality of life, and challenges the health care system. Even though DSH has been associated with aggressive interpersonal behaviors, the knowledge on DSH in persons exhibiting such behaviors is scarce. This study aims to (1) specify the prevalence and character of DSH, (2)…

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Anger under Control: Neural Correlates of Frustration as a Function of Trait Aggression

Anger under Control: Neural Correlates of Frustration as a Function of Trait Aggression

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Christina M. Pawliczek , Birgit Derntl, Thilo Kellermann, Ruben C. Gur, Frank Schneider, Ute Habel Published: October 18, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078503 Abstract Antisocial behavior and aggression are prominent symptoms in several psychiatric disorders including antisocial personality disorder. An established precursor to aggression is a frustrating event, which can elicit anger or exasperation, thereby prompting aggressive responses. While some studies have investigated the neural correlates of frustration and aggression, examination of their relation to trait aggression in…

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Psychopathy, pain, and pain empathy: A psychophysiological study

Psychopathy, pain, and pain empathy: A psychophysiological study

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Sophie Alshukri , Minna Lyons, Victoria Blinkhorn, Luna Muñoz , Nicholas Fallon Published: July 5, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306461 Abstract The present study examined whether people higher in psychopathy experienced less self-reported and psychophysiological nociceptive pressure than people lower in psychopathy. We also examined whether psychopathy affects empathy for others’ pain via self-reported and psychophysiological measures. Three hundred and sixty-nine students (18–78 years; M = 26, SD = 9.34) were screened for psychopathic traits using the Youth…

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Impaired processing of threat in psychopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of factorial data in male offender populations

Impaired processing of threat in psychopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of factorial data in male offender populations

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Petya Kozhuharova, Hannah Dickson, John Tully, Nigel Blackwood Published: October 29, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224455 Abstract Background Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterised by two underlying factors. Factor 1 (affective and interpersonal deficits) captures affective deficits, whilst Factor 2 (antisocial and impulsive/disorganised behaviours) captures life course persistent antisocial behaviours. Impaired processing of threat has been proposed as an aetiologically salient factor in the development of psychopathy, but the relationship of this impairment to the factorial structure of…

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Neurobiological Correlates in Forensic Assessment: A Systematic Review

Neurobiological Correlates in Forensic Assessment: A Systematic Review

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Toon van der Gronde, Maaike Kempes, Carla van El, Thomas Rinne, Toine Pieters Published: October 20, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110672 Abstract Background With the increased knowledge of biological risk factors, interest in including this information in forensic assessments is growing. Currently, forensic assessments are predominantly focused on psychosocial factors. A better understanding of the neurobiology of violent criminal behaviour and biological risk factors could improve forensic assessments. Objective To provide an overview of the current evidence about…

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Psychopathy, psychological distress, and treatment history among perpetrators of intimate partner femicide, homicide, and other violent crimes in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Psychopathy, psychological distress, and treatment history among perpetrators of intimate partner femicide, homicide, and other violent crimes in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Martín Hernán Di Marco , Gergő Baranyi, Dabney P. Evans Published: July 24, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000064 Abstract Intimate partner femicide—the killing of women based on their gender by their former or current partners—is a global long-standing manifestation of violence against women. Despite the enactment of femicide-specific laws in Latin America, femicide rates have remained relatively constant throughout the last decade. Often perpetrators are pathologized as suffering from mental illness, yet the data on their mental health…

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Default Network Deactivations Are Correlated with Psychopathic Personality Traits

Default Network Deactivations Are Correlated with Psychopathic Personality Traits

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Tong Sheng , Anahita Gheytanchi, Lisa Aziz-Zadeh Published: September 7, 2010 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012611 Abstract Background The posteromedial cortex (PMC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are part of a network of brain regions that has been found to exhibit decreased activity during goal-oriented tasks. This network is thought to support a baseline of brain activity, and is commonly referred to as the “default network”. Although recent reports suggest that the PMC and mPFC are associated with affective,…

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Abnormal Anatomical Connectivity between the Amygdala and Orbitofrontal Cortex in Conduct Disorder

Abnormal Anatomical Connectivity between the Amygdala and Orbitofrontal Cortex in Conduct Disorder

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Luca Passamonti , Graeme Fairchild, Alex Fornito, Ian M. Goodyer, Ian Nimmo-Smith, Cindy C. Hagan, Andrew J. Calder Published: November 7, 2012 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048789 Abstract Objective Previous research suggested that structural and functional abnormalities within the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex contribute to the pathophysiology of Conduct Disorder (CD). Here, we investigated whether the integrity of the white-matter pathways connecting these regions is abnormal and thus may represent a putative neurobiological marker for CD. Methods Diffusion Tensor…

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Psychopathic tendencies are selectively associated with reduced emotional awareness in the context of early adversity

Psychopathic tendencies are selectively associated with reduced emotional awareness in the context of early adversity

Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Ryan Smith ,Anne E. Chuning, Colin A. Tidwell, John J. B. Allen, Richard D. Lane Published: December 22, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277475 Abstract It is unclear at present whether psychopathic tendencies are associated with lower or higher levels of emotional awareness (EA). Given that psychopathy includes a proficiency for manipulating others, one might expect an elevated ability to identify and use information about others’ emotions. On the other hand, empathic deficits in psychopathy could arise from reduced…

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